P < .05, FDR-corrected at the voxel level). However, the correlation between the gray matter density in the Crus Ⅰ and the severity of depression was not significant in patients with major depressive disorder.CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first voxel-based morphometric study to investigate the structural abnormalities in the cerebellum in women with first-episode, drug-naïve major depressive disorder utilizing an up to date SUIT template. The Crus Ⅰ area in left posterior cerebellum, a region where the structural abnormalities in the patient group were detected, is known to be involved in emotional processing and in cognitive functions and to have anatomical and functional connectivity with the prefrontal cortex. Therefore, the results of this study may provide important insight into the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder and the topographic organization of the cerebellum, i.e. emotional and cognitive function in the posterior cerebellum.