Electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is an electrochemical characterization technique widely exploited in the field of chemistry, material science, and biology. EIS characterizes the dynamics of fixed and mobile charge carriers at the electrode-sample interface. It has proved useful in the characterization of electrochemical properties of diverse materials, including electrolytic media and biological tissues.Traditionally, an EIS spectroscope consists of a bulky and expensive electronic system, and handling this equipment can be difficult without proper training. These limitations forestall EIS spectroscopy to be employed for in-field and mobile agricultural applications. To overcome these issues, a low-cost, mobile, web-based EIS spectroscopy device was developed based on the AD5933, a high precision impedance measurement system-on-chip. A user-friendly web application was programmed to promote ease of use and operational simplicity.Application of the developed spectroscope as demonstrated through four different experiments; measuring standard RC circuits, monitoring copper corrosion, detecting adulterated milk and characterizing the estrous cycle of sows. Based on results from these experiments, it was found that the spectroscope is capable of producing accurate data as well as capturing different electrochemical characteristics for agricultural applications. Most importantly, the spectroscope shows its potential to be used as a decision-making tool to optimize artificial insemination in swine breeding operations.
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A low-cost, portable, web-based impedance spectroscope for agricultural applications
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