Information is a central theme of the twenty-first century. This is evident inthe fact that everyday objects are being augmented to provide information. Thus,ubiquitous computing – providing information using everyday objects – becomesincreasingly popular.The problem is that information requires attention for acquisition. Hence, ubiq-uitous computing puts a strain on attention, which is limited. There are manyinnovations that attempt to solve this problem; this thesis focusses on one: calmtechnology, which was introduced to interface design by Mark Weiser. Calm tech-nology attempts to reduce the attention required to acquire information. Ideally,calm technology would provide information without requiring any attention. I callthis technology unattended.Calm technology research, however, typically provides little evidence showingthat calm artifacts reduce the amount of attention required. Moreover, evaluationsthat are conducted on individual artifacts often fail to generalize. That is, evalua-tions only apply to the artifact that is evaluated. They do not identify propertiesof the artifact that make it calm.In this thesis, I design and conduct a dual task experiment. The results of theexperiment indicate that users can perform an attention saturating primary task,and acquire information from a calm artifact not involved in the task, withoutsacrificing performance on the primary task. Thus, the artifact does not requireany attention, as can be measured by the experiment, while providing information.Thus, the artifact is unattended, which provides an existence proof for unattendedtechnology.
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Evaluating Unattended Technology, a Subset of Calm Technology
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