In recent years, the Government ofColombia (GoC) has placed a high priority oncompetitiveness. Increasing globalization trends andColombia's decision to increase trade integration, withthe negotiation of a free trade agreement (FTA) with the US,has led the government to focus on a complementary agenda toboost competitiveness in order to reap the benefits ofincreased trade integration. A bottom-up process ofconsultation, known as the Domestic Agenda, was launchedwith the aims of identifying key constraints at the localand sector levels and developing a set ofcompetitiveness-oriented measures. This study aims athelping the GoC to fine-tune the mix of policies and actionsto assist its regions in meeting development challenges andgrasping opportunities from trade liberalization. Definingcompetitiveness as policies and actions to increase totalfactor productivity (TFP), this report seeks to provideinputs for the establishment of a strategy for sub regionalcompetitiveness and growth through both examining the recentliterature on the main instruments directed towards theseobjectives and evaluating sub-regional endowments, capacity,productive structure and the determinants of productivitylevels in selected regions of Colombia. Three key areas forcompetitiveness are further explored: (a) overall investmentclimate; (b) infrastructure and logistics; and (c) humancapital and innovation.