This Public Expenditure Review is toassist the Government of Sierra Leone in repositioningitself for sustained growth and poverty reduction in thelong-run as opposed to the short-term expediencies neededduring the present post-conflict phase.The report focuseson the period 2001-2003 for history and 2004-2006 forthefuture.A review of older historical data at the aggregatelevel is done in the macroeconomic section for the period1998-2003 in order to demonstrate the contrast between thewar and post-war years.The report covers the fiscalpolicies of Government in aggregate and goes deeper forthree sectors: security, agriculture and education. Allthree are critical to growth and poverty reduction.It alsoproposes a number of changes in the budget process.Itreviews the budgets and capacity of the security serviceministries, departments and agencies (MDAs). The maintenanceof security is fundamental: without it, there is littleincentive to invest for future growth.The report examinesthe budgets and capacities of the agricultural MDAs.Finding ways to increase agricultural growth is equallycritical, especially since the majority of the populationstill lives in rural areas.The education sector is alsoexamined in depth, due to its central contributions to thelong-run productivity of the workforce - and because of itslarge impact on the fiscal stance of Government.