This sector report on Challenges andPriorities for Rural Development analyzes why Upper Egypthas lagged behind the rest of the country and to help theGovernment of Egypt and stakeholders to define a frameworkfor interventions to promote broad-based economic growth andhuman development that will reach the poor and improvewelfare in rural Upper Egypt. To achieve this objective, thestrategic framework for intervention proposed here has twodimensions. The first is to foster broad-based economicgrowth based on agricultural development and off-farmactivities. The second is to enhance access to basicinfrastructure and services by promoting local levelplanning and civil society engagement.