West Bank and Gaza Checkpoints andBarriers : Searching for Livelihoods

World Bank

World Bank

关键词: ABUSE;    ACCESS FOR WOMEN;    ACCESS TO SERVICES;    ADULT MEN;    AGE AT MARRIAGE;   

RP-ID  :  49699

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: World Bank Open Knowledge Repository

【 摘 要 】

This report assesses the impact of themovement and access regime in the period 2000-07 on theeconomy and the working lives of Palestinians, exploring thegender dimension of restrictions on labor forceparticipation, and how new tensions in the arena of workresulting from movement and access restrictions haveaffected relations between women and men. The findings ofthis study are based on an analysis of data covering theyears 2000 to 2007 and examine the long-term impacts ofrestrictions on movement and access. As controls on movementbecame more entrenched following the second intifada, amassive economic decline ensued, leading to a drop in maleemployment and real wages resulting from job losses inIsrael, and a corresponding rise in unemployment. This sameperiod also witnessed a sharp rise in both covert and overtforms of violence. Israeli military incursions, detentions,manned checkpoints, home demolitions, the separationbarrier, and the Palestinians' own response spun a webof violence in public and private that touched the everydaylives of all Palestinians. The violence resulting from theoccupation has led to loss of life, land, property, and freemovement of people, and has fragmented social space, a keysource of material and moral support especially for women.With neither Israeli nor Palestinian legal systems able toprovide defense or protection, these momentous changes inpeople's everyday lives created a sense of collapse ofthe public, social, and moral order against this backdrop,the effects on Palestinian society have been extensive andfar reaching, on relations between men and women, onintergenerational relations between the young and the old,on ties of kinship, and on social networks. This study,through qualitative sources, provides insights to a chain ofevents that have and are moderating social behavior andgender relations associated with work. The study alsocaptures what the deteriorating situation has meant forPalestinian females and males of all ages in terms of theireconomic engagement, their ability to seek alternatelivelihoods, their coping strategies, their social and humaninvestments, and their future aspirations.