Natural Resource Abundance, Growth, and Diversification in the Middle East and North Africa : The Effects of Natural Resources and the Role of Policies

Diop, Ndiamé ; Marotta, Daniela ; de Melo, Jaime

Washington, DC:World Bank

关键词: ADVERSE EFFECTS;    AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY;    AGRICULTURE;    ARABLE LAND;    BASE YEAR;   

DOI  :  10.1596/978-0-8213-9591-2
RP-ID  :  72463

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: World Bank Open Knowledge Repository

【 摘 要 】

This book is organized as follows: thisfirst chapter examines the pattern of structuraltransformation in Middle East and North Africa, or MENA andsummarizes the role of various factors examined thoroughlyin the rest of the volume. This second chapter examines thecorrelates of this overall disappointing performance. At themacro level, MENA countries have been unable to maintaindepreciated (undervalued) real exchange rates for longperiods, yet such undervaluation has proved important tooffset the market failures and poor institutionalenvironment that severely hit the dynamicnon-resource-intensive traded sectors. This third chaptershows that services sectors in resource-rich MENA countrieshave been declining as a share of gross domestic product(GDP) and of non-mining GDP as per capita incomes increase.This fourth chapter explores the presence of systematicdifferences between the patterns of diversification in MENAand the rest of the world. This fifth chapter shows thatfrom a historical perspective, fiscal policy has notcontributed significantly to diversification in MENA,because it has been more oriented toward food and fuelsubsidies (consumption) rather than toward public goods suchas infrastructure (investment). Finally, in this sixthchapter, the authors emphasize the different characteristicsof the regional partners in terms of their resourceendowments and consider wealth distribution effects withinthe region.