Operating and Planning Electricity Grids with Variable Renewable Generation : Review of Emerging Lessons from Selected Operational Experiences and Desktop Studies

Madrigal, Marcelino ; Porter, Kevin

Washington, DC:World Bank

关键词: ANNUAL ELECTRICITY;    APPROACH;    AVAILABILITY;    BALANCE;    BED COMBUSTION;   

DOI  :  10.1596/978-0-8213-9734-3
RP-ID  :  75731

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: World Bank Open Knowledge Repository

【 摘 要 】

The development of wind-andsolar-generating capacity is growing rapidly around theworld as policy makers pursue various energy policyobjectives. This paper will describe the challenges inintegrating wind and solar generation, the lessons learned,and recommended strategies from both operating experienceand integration studies. Case studies on the experience withwind and solar integration in China, Germany, and Spain arealso included in this paper. The paper is organized asfollows. First section summarizes worldwide wind and solardevelopment, the challenges in integrating wind and solargeneration, and some of the lessons learned from studiesdesigned to evaluate the impact of higher levels of wind andsolar generation and also from the operational experience insome countries with larger amounts of renewable energy. Thesecond section summarizes some of the solutions forincorporating higher levels of wind and solar capacity intoshort-term system operations. This section also explainsbasic methodologies to implement system operations studiesto understand the impacts of variability in systemoperation. The third section explains the contribution ofvariable renewables to long-term supply adequacy-commonlycalled 'firm' power-and the relationship of thisto long-term reserves; it also explores how these issues canbe incorporated into long-term planning or adequacyassessments. Overall, the variability of wind powergeneration adds to the variability on the grid in most timescales, and a key question that wind integration studiesmust address is whether there is enough existing capabilityon the grid to manage that increased variability, or whethernew sources, such as new generation or increased levels ofdemand response, must be added to manage that variability.