With favorable geographical location,macroeconomic stability, debt reduction, progress onstructural reforms, and political stability, Benin will seemto have the foundations for a dynamic, diversified economy.Yet the country's economic structure has not evolved,remaining highly dependent on cotton and transit trade, andper-capita growth has slowed down in recent years. Thegovernment has requested the World Bank's assistance inunderstanding the constraints to growth and evaluating thecountry's potential for diversification and innovationas it seeks to lead the country to emerging market status by2020. The government is well aware that the vulnerabilitiesassociated with the country's dependence on cotton andtransit trade impede the attainment of this goal. Responseto the government's request, the objective of the BeninCountry Economic Memorandum (CEM) is therefore to identifyand analyze the key economic and institutional constraintsto growth, including through diversification and innovation.The CEM contains four main chapters, each providingtheoretical or empirical analyses of Benin's economicsituation and prospects: a) cross-sectoral bindingconstraints to growth; b) analysis of specific constraintsin the cotton and transit trade sectors; c) diversificationand innovation potential; and d) political economy of growth.