Power's Promise : Electricity Reforms in Eastern Europe and Central Asia

Lampietti, Julian

Washington, DC:World Bank

关键词: ADVERSE IMPACT;    AIR;    AIR POLLUTION;    AIR QUALITY;    BENEFIT ANALYSIS;   

DOI  :  10.1596/0-8213-5900-2
RP-ID  :  29788

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: World Bank Open Knowledge Repository

【 摘 要 】

This study analyzes the fiscal,efficiency, social, and environmental impact of power sectorreforms in seven countries in the ECA region. It findssector deficits have been falling over the last decade andthat the savings from lower sector deficits did nottranslate into higher social spending. More emphasis must beplaced on monitoring deficits and tailoring policy reform tocountry specific circumstances. The impact of reform onutility efficiency, as measured by the cost of generation,system loss collections, and operational efficiency, isambiguous. While overall revenue per kilowatt hour increasedin almost all countries, problems continue with losses,collection rates, and staffing. In terms of social impacts,electricity spending as a share of income increased,especially for the poor, while consumption stayed the same.In terms of environmental impacts, reforms did slightlyimprove energy efficiency in power plants though this haslittle direct impact on human health because the electricitysector's share of the total health damage from airpollution is negligible. Several lessons emerge from theanalysis. Undertaking simple ex ante simulations of reformimpacts will allow better identification of potential reformbenefits and costs. Placing more emphasis on outcome-basedindicators of service quality would help ensure that futureoperations produce the intended end-user benefits. In manycases, tariff increases can and should be explicitly timedto coincide with service quality improvements. Yet, this maynot be always possible. Where it is not, the adverse impactof tariff increases, especially for low-income consumers,should be mitigated by improving access to and efficiency inthe use of clean alternatives.