This study seeks to examine howNational Rural Livelihoods Mission or NRLM may be leveragedto improve food and nutrition security (FNS) in tribalareas, preferably in a manner that would enhance theeffectiveness of the program's core livelihoods focus.More broadly, the objective is to strengthen the capacity ofthe Government of India (GoI) to deliver (or support)effective FNS interventions in tribal and backward areas(TABAs). As such, the study aims to do the following:develop the evidence base on those constraints which STsface with regard to achieving food security and favorablenutritional outcomes; examine approaches which have beenused to address issues of poor nutrition elsewhere in Indiaor abroad to identify interventions that could be effectivein tribal areas; and Recommend models for improving FNS intribal areas within the context of NRLM. The primary focusof this work is operationally oriented toward identifyingentry points for NRLM to address tribal malnutrition as itexpands into states with larger tribal communities,particularly Jharkhand and Odisha.