Artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM)is a global reality. It represents a longstanding andimportant livelihood for more than 100 million men and womenaround the world. In some places, communities have practicedit for generations; in other places, the prospect of newmineral finds draws large numbers of people suddenly tomining areas. Whether newly begun or long established, ASMhas the potential to help men and women out of poverty whenconducted in an informed and responsible way. In differentcommunities, different techniques are used, and men andwomen share different divisions of labor, risks, andopportunities. ASM assessments, and the recommendations foraction arising from these, are critical to the objectives ofevery ASM stakeholder, whether the large-scale mining (LSM)company seeking to improve the outcomes of its corporatesocial responsibility programs, a government agency ornongovernmental organization (NGO) seeking to fulfill itspolicy mandate, a microfinance organization promoting smalland medium enterprise development in mining areas, or anassociation of miners seeking to formalize its activities.The toolkit is comprised of six components: introduction togender and ASM; the gender and ASM framework; gender and ASMtools; the toolkit in practice; resources; and supplemental CD-ROM.