As Mongolia has begun to develop itsabundant mineral resources over the past decade, the shareof mining in gross domestic product (GDP) has more thantripled to around 20 percent currently. The sector has alsocontributed up to a third of total government receipts inrecent years and more than 80 percent of exports in 2010.Evidence suggests that women tend to miss out on thepotential benefits associated with a booming mining sector.In addition, large scale mines typically tend to be thedominant employers in remote locations. The policy notestarts by gauging potential growth and employment effectsassociated with the expansion of the mining sector on othersectors, using a computable general equilibrium modelspecially calibrated for the Mongolian economy. It thenconsiders experience and lessons from other countries thatare trying to integrate and ensure the participation ofwomen in large-scale mining and the practical policyrecommendations to do so. The key findings are that there isa high degree of occupational segmentation in the miningsector, with women mostly located in service support roles,although this is by no means unique to Mongolia. However inMongolia's case, this segmentation also likely reflectsMongolian labor regulations that existed until 2008 andwhich limited women s participation in the sector. Evidencefrom around the world indicates that gender equal laws are anecessary and crucial first step towards guaranteeing genderequality and equity, but by themselves are not sufficient.Companies may also consider revising recruitment or hiringstrategies with the objective of raising the share of femaleemployment across all professional categories in the mining sector.
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