Earnings Inequality Within and Across Gender, Racial, and Ethnic Groups in Four Latin American Countries

Cunningham, Wendy ; Jacobsen, Joyce P.

World Bank, Washington, DC

关键词: ACCESS OF GIRLS;    ACCESS OF GIRLS TO EDUCATION;    ACCOUNTING;    AFFIRMATIVE ACTION;    AFFIRMATIVE ACTION POLICIES;   

DOI  :  10.1596/1813-9450-4591
RP-ID  :  WPS4591

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: World Bank Open Knowledge Repository

【 摘 要 】

Latin American countries are generallycharacterized as displaying high income and earningsinequality overall along with high inequality by gender,race, and ethnicity.However, the latter phenomenon is nota major contributor to the former phenomenon.Usinghousehold survey data from four Latin American countries(Bolivia, Brazil, Guatemala, and Guyana) for whichstratification by race or ethnicity is possible, this paperdemonstrates (using Theil index decompositions as well asGini indices, and 90/10 and 50/10 percentile comparisons)that within-group earnings inequality rather thanbetween-group earnings inequality is the main contributor tooverall earnings inequality.Simulations in which therelatively disadvantaged gender and/or racial/ethnic groupis treated as if it were the relatively advantaged grouptend to reduce overall earnings inequality measures onlyslightly and in some cases have the effect of increasingearnings inequality measures.