This Note presents the main conclusionsof an on-site study of urban transport dysfunction and airpollution in the Dakar agglomeration carried out from Augustto November 1998. The study aims to define the main causesof transport dysfunction, quantify them, and recommend asuitable framework for monitoring changes in the parameters.This forms part of the sub-Saharan African air qualityinitiative that was launched jointly in 1998 by the UrbanTransport Component of the sub-Saharan African TransportPolicy Program (SSATP) and the World Bank Institute. Thekinds of dysfunction the study found in Dakar agglomerationinclude: road safety problems, congestion, air pollution,and noise pollution. This Note recommends that air pollutioncaused by urban transport can be reduced through measures ina number of areas: institutional, technical, or organizational.