The report, which documents findings ofa review on gender issues in Brazil, during 1999, andupdated in 2001, is responsive to the recognition of genderas an important issue in increasing socioeconomicwell-being, and reducing poverty. The review examines genderin terms of demographic trends, health indicators, theeffects and causes of violence, education indicators, labormarket trends, and social protection. It identifies genderissues across sectors, with a view to improving theBank's efficiency, and effectiveness, in reducinggender inequities that affect both women, and men, thoughdiscussion on male gender issues is limited. Major findingsindicate that mortality rates linked to external factors(i.e., traffic accidents, homicide, suicide), differ greatlyby gender; pre-natal care for pregnant women continues to beinadequate; violence continues to be high; teaching methodstend to reinforce gender segregation; and, early childhood,and education programs remain poor. Recommendations includethe need for changing societal gender roles, by acting ongender issues through community, and local levelorganizations, but targeting men as well as women, sincemale issues, such as violence and under performance inschool, among others, may be attributed to men'snarrowly defined gender roles, while effective women'sprograms, often require men's implicit, or explicitcooperation, and involvement.
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