Globalization, Growth, and Poverty : Building an Inclusive World Economy

World Bank

Washington, DC:World Bank and Oxford University Press

关键词: GLOBALIZATION;    POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGIES;    GLOBAL INTEGRATION;    INTERNATIONAL TRADE;    TRADE POLICY;   

DOI  :  10.1596/0-8213-5048-X
RP-ID  :  23591

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: World Bank Open Knowledge Repository

【 摘 要 】

Societies and economies around the worldare becoming more integrated. Integration is the result ofreduced costs of transport, lower trade barriers, fastercommunication of ideas, rising capital flows, andintensifying pressures for mitigation. Integration--or"globalization"--has generated anxieties aboutrising ineuality, shifting power, and cultural uniformity.This report assesses its impact and examines theseanxieties. Global integration is already a powerful forcefor poverty reduction, but it could be even more effective.Some, but not all of the anxieties are well-founded. Bothglobal opportunities and global risks have outpaced globalpolicy. The authors propose an agenda for action, both toenhance the potential of globalization to provideopportunities for poor people and to reduce and mitigate therisks it generates. This report presents three main findingsthat bear on current policy debates about globalization.First, poor countries with around 3 billion people havebroken into the global market for manufactures and services;these "new globalizers" have experiencedlarge-scale poverty reduction. The second finding concernsinclusion both across countries and within them; the authorshighlight a range of measures that would help countries indanger of becoming marginalized become integrated with theworld economy. A third issue concerns the anxiety thateconomic integration leads to cultural or institutional homogenization.