Turkmenistan : An Assessment ofLeasehold-based Farm Restructuring | |
Lerman, Zvi ; Brooks, Karen | |
Washington, DC:World Bank | |
关键词: AGRIBUSINESS; AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT; AGRICULTURAL INPUTS; AGRICULTURAL LAND; AGRICULTURAL POLICIES; | |
DOI : 10.1596/0-8213-4931-7 RP-ID : WTP500 |
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学科分类:社会科学、人文和艺术(综合) | |
来源: World Bank Open Knowledge Repository | |
【 摘 要 】
Turkmenistan's unique approach toland reform and farm restructuring has produced asignificant shift to individual or household-based farming,with more than three-quarters of the arable land leased toindividual households or small groups. Most leaseholdersconsider this land to be rightfully theirs, and they expectto keep it in the future, either as private owners, orthrough extension of their leasehold. However, individualproduction is administratively circumscribed by a pervasivesystem of state orders and central planning. The leasecontracts rigidly specify the crop that each leaseholder isrequired to produce (typically cotton or wheat) and set aspecific quantity target for delivery to the state at pricesmuch below the level of prices on international markets.Managers and leaseholders universally express the view thatthe prices they receive from the state for wheat and cottonare too low, and identify the chance to sell freely at openmarket proces as a key factor that would improve theeconomic situation on farms. Both managers and leaseholdersexpressed enthusiasm for the reform at the time of thesurvey. This is a natural psychological reaction to thedramatic transition to a new system, and to avoiddisillusionment, the initial change must be followed byfurther meaningful reforms, including abolition of stateorders, transfer of land to individual control, andelimination of constraints on individual choice.
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