Preshipment inspection can help controloverinvoicing or underinvoicing of imports,misclassification of imports, and misappropriation of donorfunds provided for import support. Of the various objectivesfor customs reform, trade facilitation is arguably the mostimportant for efficiency and growth. Because of thepotential long-term gains from reform, governments shouldfocus on implementing an effective program for customsmodernization and institutional reform, and not viewpreshipment inspection services as a substitute for thiseffort. This Note reviews recent evidence on theeffectiveness of preshipment inspection services.