The fieldwork-based study aims to gaininsight into the local distribution of traditional healthknowledge and the uses of various medicinal plants amongordinary men and women in rural communities, who constitutethe vast majority of Ethiopia's population. The overallaim of the research is to contribute to the growing body ofliterature and experience pertaining to the role ofindigenous/traditional systems of knowledge in development.Underlying this objective is the fundamental premise thathealth constitutes the linchpin of the development process,viewed at once, both as the means as well as the end ofdevelopment. The fieldwork was carried out with theparticipation of communities in the rural Bahir Dar Zuriadistrict of Gojam (now part of the Amhara Regional State)located in the North Western Highlands of the country. Acombination of research tools from various disciplines wereemployed. Gender considerations constituted an integral andcross-cutting aspect of the methodology, as important genderfactors were expected to be involved, inter alia, in thedistribution of traditional health knowledge and itsinter-generational transmission.