Poverty in the Brazilian Amazon:An Assessment of Poverty Focused on the State of Para

Verner, Dorte

World Bank, Washington, D.C.

关键词: POVERTY REDUCTION;    SOCIAL INDICATORS;    URBAN AREAS;    INFANT MORTALITY;    ILLITERACY;   

DOI  :  10.1596/1813-9450-3357
RP-ID  :  WPS3357

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: World Bank Open Knowledge Repository

【 摘 要 】

The states in the Brazilian Amazon havemade progress in reducing poverty and improving socialindicators in the last decade. Despite this progress, thepoverty rate in the Amazon is among the highest in Brazil.As of 2000, rural poverty is the greatest challenge. InPar?, not only is the headcount poverty rate of 58.4 percentin rural areas more than 55 percent higher than headcountpoverty in urban areas, but also poverty is much deeper inrural areas. The fall in infant mortality and adultilliteracy corroborate the improvement in measured incomepoverty. Census data from 2000 and 1991 reveal that morepeople left Par? than came to live in the state during the1970s, the opposite of the 1980s. In 2000, the Ginicoefficient for Par?, as in the Amazon as a whole, was 0.60.The poverty profile reveals that indigenous peoplesexperience a higher poverty incidence than other groups.Census 2000 data reveal that living in rural areas in Par?does not by itself affect the probability of being poor.Individual and household characteristics are more importantthan geographical location. The largest statisticaldifferences in poverty reduction between rural and urbanareas are found in the effect of education, sector ofemployment, gender, and family size. PNAD data from 2001reveal that living in urban areas in Par? does not by itselfaffect the probability of falling below the poverty line inurban areas in Brazil. The strongest poverty correlates areeducation, experience, race, rural location, gender, andlabor market association.