Pakistan is not on track to achieve mostMillennium Development Goals (MDGs) related to health,nutrition and population. Given its current rate ofprogress, in 2015 Pakistan's infant mortality rate(IMR) will be 65 deaths per 1,000 live births and theunder-five mortality rate (U5MR) will be 78, considerablyabove the MDG4 targets of 33 and 43 deaths per 1000 birthsrespectively. Pakistan will not achieve the MDG related tonutrition. The review aims to develop a limited set ofpractical options that will allow the government and otherstakeholders to improve the availability and use of healthservices, especially for the poor. The report mainly focuseson synthesizing the available body of knowledge throughreview of existing studies, reports and research. The reportstarts with a description of the health and nutrition statusof the population, Pakistan's fertility and growthrates and potential to benefit from a demographic dividend,the burden of diseases and trends in the past few years. Thesecond and third chapters describe the performance of thepublic health care system over time, including coverage andutilization, quality of care, equity, and patientsatisfaction and the impact of national programs. Chapterfour discusses the financing of the sector, includingoverall trends, and the composition of public and privateexpenditures. Chapter five describes the organization andmanagement of the sector and examines the role ofgovernment. Chapter six concludes by summarizing the keychallenges facing the sector and suggesting a way forward.
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