The objective of this study is to 1)review the situation and trends in terms of child welfareoutcomes in Russia; 2) review and evaluate social policyresponses; 3) identify major issues and challenges; and 4)propose policies and measures that would improve childwell-being outcomes. The study consists of two parts. thefirst part reviews child welfare outcomes during the 1990s,focusing on child poverty and vulnerability, as well ashealth, education, and nutrition status. Chapter 2 linkschild well-being outcomes to the protracted economic crisisand related labor market developments, high inequality,rapid demographic and family formation changes, as well asgenerally insufficient, severely fiscally constrained andineffective policy responses. Chapter 3 examines publicpolicy responses in social protection, health and education,focusing on safety nets particularly policies targetingfamilies and children. the second part of the study focuseson two groups of children identified as particularlyvulnerable in Russia: children deprived of birth familyupbringing and children with disabilities. the chapter onthe former highlights their growing numbers against acontinued decline in the child population, as well as thecontinued practice of costly, detrimental to childdevelopment and ineffective long-term institutionalizationof such children. It reviews legal and institutional reformsundertaken so far and identifies challenges related todesigning effective reform.
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