Vietnam has made progress to improveoversight and control over cash balances for the statebudget. The current arrangement however falls short of atreasury single account (TSA), which has led toinefficiencies in the management of cash balances and higherthan necessary borrowing costs. In response to this, theGovernment of Vietnam has embarked on reforms to adopt a TSAand strengthen overall cash management. This policy noteprovides a review of progress in implementing a TSA systemin Vietnam, the remaining challenges and obstacles, and howto overcome these for further TSA and cash managementreforms. It is the product of ongoing discussions betweenthe World Bank and the Ministry of Finance. Part A givesbackground and motivation; part B provides an overview ofthe state treasury system in Vietnam; part C reviews theprogress in establishing a TSA, including against benchmarksof international good practice, and makes recommendationsfor priority next steps; and part D concludes with a reviewof cash management functions.