This note examines changes invulnerability to oil price increases over a five-year periodending in 2008. A decomposition analysis applied to onehundred and fifty-eight countries found that vulnerabilityhad increased in eighty-two percent of countries, with morethan half experiencing vulnerability exceeding five percentin 2008 and one fifth experiencing vulnerability exceedingten percent.This document explores the background of theissue, and includes tabulation to indicate the countrieswith greatest vulnerabilities, decomposition results forBank client countries in Africa, Europe and Central Asia,Latin America and the Caribbean, South Asia, and the MiddleEast and North Africa, and corresponding tabulation fornon-IDA/IBRD countries.