This policy note aims to take stock ofregional experiences in the area of targeting, both in thecontext of government systems and the World Bank'soperational work, in South Asia. The main objectives are toreview targeting systems and practices in the context ofgovernment programs; to critically review the role for andimpact of targeting in the WB's operational work; andto extract lessons that can be used to deepen the relevanceand impact of the WB's operational work in South Asia.The evidence presented in this note will serve as a resourcefor those interested in and/or planning some work ontargeting related work in the region. In this sense, bypresenting information on both country systems andperformance of WB-led work, the note targets bothpractitioners and managers. The analysis focuses first onthe architecture of targeting systems in South Asia, and onthe determinants of targeting effectiveness, including thechoice and design of the targeting tool, implementation andmonitoring of the targeting tool, and the design,implementation and monitoring of the targeted program. Thenote concludes that international evidence a large fractionof the observed differences in targeting effectivenessacross systems and programs, can be attributed to factorsrelated to implementation and monitoring. This implies thatinvestments aimed at correcting resource, capacity andlogistic limitations in government systems could go a longway in improving targeting outcomes in the region.
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