Focusing on the Integrated ChildDevelopment Services (ICDS), India's largest nutritionand early child development program, this paper describesthe political, organizational, and technical challenges inbuilding and sustaining an outcomes-oriented approach tonutrition program monitoring. The author show that thecurrent policy environment appears to be conducive tostrengthening nutrition program monitoring: politicalcommitment is growing, financial allocations to ICDS haveincreased and, recently, a number of reforms to strengthenthe ICDS monitoring and evaluation system have beenundertaken. Yet, substantial weaknesses remain. This paperdiscusses some of the challenges in converting this visioninto action and suggests some immediate steps that could beconsidered both at the central and state levels.