Market-Based Instruments for International Aviation and Shipping as a Source of Climate Finance

Keen, Michael ; Parry, Ian ; Strand, Jon

关键词: AIR;    AIR CARGO;    AIR NAVIGATION;    AIR POLLUTION;    AIR SERVICE;   

DOI  :  10.1596/1813-9450-5950
RP-ID  :  WPS5950

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: World Bank Open Knowledge Repository

【 摘 要 】

The international aviation and maritimesectors today enjoy relatively favorable tax treatment, astheir fuels are not taxed and the sectors are not subject toany value-added tax or turnover tax. Nor are these fuel usessubject to any global measures to reduce their associatedCO2 emissions, even though they represent at least 5 percentof the global greenhouse gas emissions. A carbon charge onfuels for international aviation and shipping equal to $25per tonne of emitted CO2 could raise about $12 billion fromaviation and about $26 billion from shipping by 2020.Market-based instruments ought to be used to raise suchrevenue, preferably charges based on the carbon contents offuels. Such charges would also scale back emissions by atleast 5-10 percent. Developing countries ought to be able tokeep their own tax revenue, and additional compensation tothem for the economic burdens of these carbon charges may bewarranted. Such compensation would constitute at most 40percent of the raised global revenue. Implementing thesecharges can be a challenge, especially for aviation, where alarge number of bilateral air-service agreements would needto be rewritten.