Measuring Education Inequality : Gini Coefficients of Education

Thomas, Vinod ; Wang, Yan ; Fan, Xibo

World Bank, Washington, DC

关键词: ACHIEVEMENTS;    ADDITION;    AGE GROUP;    AVERAGE LEVEL;    BASIC EDUCATION;   

DOI  :  10.1596/1813-9450-2525
RP-ID  :  WPS2525

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: World Bank Open Knowledge Repository

【 摘 要 】

The authors use a Gini index to measureinequality in educational attainment. They present twomethods (direct and indirect) for calculating an educationGini index, and generate a quinquennial data set oneducation Gini indexes for the over-15-population in 85countries (1960-90). Preliminary empirical analysis suggeststhat: 1) Inequality in education in most of the countriesdeclined over the three decades, with a few exceptions. 2)Inequality in education as measured by the education Giniindex is negatively associated with average years ofschooling, implying that countries with higher educationalattainment are more likely to achieve equality in education,than those with lower attainment. 3) A clear pattern of aneducation Kuznets curve exists if the standard deviation ofeducation is used. 4) Gender gaps are clearly related toeducation inequality, and over time, the association betweengender gaps, and inequality becomes stronger. 5) Increasesin per capita GDP (adjusted for purchasing power parity)seem to be negatively associated with education inequality,and positively related to labor force's average yearsof schooling, after controlling for initial income levels.