Household Schooling Decisions in Rural Pakistan

Sawada, Yasayuki ; Lokshin, Michael

World Bank, Washington, DC

关键词: HOME SCHOOLING;    HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS;    RURAL SCHOOLS;    FEMALE TEACHERS;    PRIMARY SCHOOLS;   

DOI  :  10.1596/1813-9450-2541
RP-ID  :  WPS2541

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: World Bank Open Knowledge Repository

【 摘 要 】

Human capital investments in Pakistanare performing poorly; school enrollment is low, the highschool dropout rate is high, and there is a definite gendergap in education. The authors conducted field surveys in 25Pakistani villages and integrated their field observations,economic theory, and econometric analysis to investigate thesequential nature of education decisions--because currentoutcomes depend not only on current decisions but also onpast decisions. Their full-information maximum likelihoodestimate of the sequential schooling decision model revealsimportant dynamics affecting the gender gap in education,the effects of transitory income and wealth, andintrahousehold resource allocation patterns. They find,among other things, that in rural Pakistan: 1) There is ahigh educational retention rate, conditional on schoolentry, and that male and female schooling progression ratesbecome comparable at higher levels of education. 2) Ahousehold's human and physical assets and changes inits income significantly affect children's educationpatterns. Birth order affects siblings' competition forresources. 3) Serious supply-side constraints on villagegirls' primary education suggest the importance ofsupply-side policy interventions in Pakistan's ruralprimary education--for example, providing more girls'primary schools close to villages and employing more female teachers.