The Global HIV Epidemics among People Who Inject Drugs

Dutta, Arin ; Wirtz, Andrea ; Stanciole, Anderson ; Oelrichs, Robert ; Semini, Iris ; Baral, Stefan ; Pretorius, Carel ; Haworth, Caroline ; Hader, Shannon ; Beyrer, Chris ; Cleghorn, Farley

Washington, DC:World Bank

关键词: ABSTINENCE;    ABUSES;    ACCESS TO TREATMENT;    ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME;    ADULT POPULATION;   

DOI  :  10.1596/978-0-8213-9776-3
RP-ID  :  74052

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: World Bank Open Knowledge Repository

【 摘 要 】

This publication addresses researchquestions related to an increase in the levels of access andutilization for four key interventions that have thepotential to significantly reduce HIV infections amongPeople Who Inject Drugs (PWID) and their sexual andinjecting partners, and hence morbidity and mortality in lowand middle-income countries (LMIC). These interventions aredrawn from nine consensus interventions that comprise a'comprehensive package' for PWID. The fourinterventions are: Needle and Syringe Programs (NSP),Medically Assisted Therapy (MAT), HIV Counseling and Testing(HCT), and Antiretroviral Therapy (ART). The book summarizesthe results from several recent reviews of studies relatedto the effectiveness of the four key interventions inreducing risky behaviors in the context of transmitting oracquiring HIV infection.Overall, the four keyinterventions have strong effects on the risk of HIVinfection among PWID via different pathways, and thisdetermination is included in the documents proposing thecomprehensive package of interventions. In order to attainthe greatest effect from these interventions, structuralissues must be addressed, especially the removal of punitivepolicies targeting PWID in many countries. The scientificevidence presented here, the public health rationale, andthe human rights imperatives are all in accord: we can andmust do better for PWID. The available tools areevidence-based, right affirming, and cost effective. Whatare required now are political will and a global consensusthat this critical component of global HIV can no longer beignored and under-resourced.