The report discusses inter-related partsof blood transfusions systems, and presents an overview ofthe parts that need to be strengthened in Central Asia.Numerous parts are in serious need of organizationalrestructuring, new investment and increased budgetarysupport for operation and maintenance. This report sets themout such that each can be addressed in turn and somesimultaneously. The report also discusses the health threatposed by alarmingly low levels of blood supplies, fosteredby a culture that places little value on donating blood,public fear of being infected by giving blood, and the nearabsence of donor promotion campaigns.