'Green' Growth,'Green' Jobs and Labor Markets

Bowen, Alex

World Bank, Washington, DC

关键词: ACTIVE LABOR;    ACTIVE LABOR MARKET;    ACTIVE LABOR MARKET POLICIES;    ADJUSTMENT COSTS;    ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS;   

DOI  :  10.1596/1813-9450-5990
RP-ID  :  WPS5990

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: World Bank Open Knowledge Repository

【 摘 要 】

The term 'green jobs' canrefer to employment in a narrowly defined set of industriesproviding environmental services. But it is more useful forthe policy-maker to focus on the broader issue of theemployment consequences of policies to correct environmentalexternalities such as anthropogenic climate change. Most ofthe literature focuses on direct employment created, withmore cursory treatment of indirect and induced job creation,especially that arising from macroeconomic effects ofpolicies. The potential adverse impacts of green growthpolicies on labor productivity and the costs of employmenttend to be overlooked. More attention also needs to be paidin this literature to how labor markets work in differenttypes of economy. There may be wedges between the shadowwage and the actual wage, particularly in developingcountries with segmented labor markets and after adverseaggregate demand shocks, warranting a bigger andlonger-lasting boost to green projects with high laborcontent. In these circumstances, the transition to greengrowth and job creation can go hand in hand. But there arechallenges, especially for countries that have built theirindustrial development strategies around cheap carbon-basedenergy. Induced structural change, green or otherwise,should be accompanied by active labor market policies.