Crime and violence are widely viewed asposing a considerable challenge to development in Papua NewGuinea (PNG). The full scale of crime and violence in PNG isdifficult to assess, given the scarcity of national-levelstudies and a distinct urban bias in the available studies.Yet various commentators and surveys estimate that violencevictimization rates in PNG are among the highest in theworld. This briefing note presents some preliminary findingsregarding the prevalence of crime and violence in PNG. Itwas prepared as part of a broader study to understand thesocioeconomic costs of crime and violence to businesses,government agencies, Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) andhouseholds in PNG. The different data sources reviewed andthe most significant challenges with the data available arenoted in Annex 1. The challenges in partial data andquestions concerning the methodology used for collecting andcollating some of the data sets and data integrity call forsome caution in interpreting the findings, in particularmaking generalizations about the wide diversity ofprovincial experiences on the basis of geographicallylimited data sets.