The Price of Empowerment : Experimental Evidence on Land Titling in Tanzania

Ali, Daniel Ayalew ; Collin, Matthew ; Deininger, Klaus ; Dercon, Stefan ; Sandefur, Justin ; Zeitlin, Andrew

World Bank, Washington, DC

关键词: ACTUAL COST;    AGRICULTURE;    ALLOCATION;    ASSETS;    AUTONOMY;   

DOI  :  10.1596/1813-9450-6908
RP-ID  :  WPS6908

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: World Bank Open Knowledge Repository

【 摘 要 】

This paper reports on a randomized fieldexperiment that uses price incentives to address economicand gender inequality in land tenure formalization. Duringthe 1990s and 2000s, nearly two dozen African countriesproposed de jure land reforms extending access to formal,freehold land tenure to millions of poor households. Many ofthese reforms stalled. Titled land remains the de factopreserve of wealthy households and, within households, men.Beginning in 2010, the study tested whether priceinstruments alone can generate greater inclusion by offeringformal titles to residents of a low-income, unplannedsettlement in Dar es Salaam at a range of subsidized prices,as well as additional price incentives to include women asowners or co-owners of household land. Estimated priceelasticities of demand confirm that prices -- rather thanother implementation failures or features of the titlingregime -- are a key obstacle to broader inclusion in theland registry, and that some degree of pro-poor pricediscrimination is justified even from a narrow budgetaryperspective. In terms of gender inequality, the study findsthat even small price incentives for female co-titlingachieve almost complete gender parity in land ownership withno reduction in demand.