Yemen is a low-income country with ayoung and growing secondary education population; femalestudents exhibit lower enrollment rates, and the teachingforce is largely male, especially in leadership positions.In 2008, Yemen spent 5.2 percent of Gross Domestic Product(GDP) on public education. In the early years of the decade(2001), Yemen was devoting 9.6 percent of GDP for publiceducation provision. In 2008, Yemen spent 16 percent oftotal government expenditure on education. Yemen'seducation system consists of basic education from grades 1to 9 (ages 6-14/15) and secondary education from grades 10to 12 (ages 14/15-18). Over the past 5 years, noteworthyreforms in basic education have included the abolition ofschool fees, improvements in annual work planning,contracting of female teachers in remote parts of thecountry, tying of teacher posts to the school rather than tothe individual, reductions in teacher absenteeism, andcapacity-building at all levels of education servicedelivery. The majority of teachers is in the 30-to39-year-old age bracket and is male, and leadershippositions are primarily filled by men. The Ministry ofEducation (MoE) sets policies, and implementation is carriedout by the sub-national (Governorate) and local (District)levels together with as local councils (Municipalities). Allteachers can join the two national teacher organizations.Collective bargaining and strike action are legal, butpermission must first be sought to render a strike legal.Teachers are offered few financial incentives or otheropportunities for public recognition to reward strongperformance. Performance-related pay and monetary bonusesfor strong performance by individual teachers or by schoolsare not available.
PDF
download
878987797
028-85220240
