Development Economics and theInternational Development Association

Denizer, Cevdet ; Dethier, Jean-Jacques ; Gelb, Alan

关键词: ABSOLUTE POVERTY;    ACCOUNTABILITY;    ACCOUNTING;    ADJUSTMENT LENDING;    AGGREGATE INCOME;   

DOI  :  10.1596/1813-9450-5541
RP-ID  :  WPS5541

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: World Bank Open Knowledge Repository

【 摘 要 】

Prevailing economic ideas -- andfashions -- about development have influenced theInternational Development Association (IDA) since itscreation in 1960. The creation of the organization itself isthe result of two contemporaneous facts: an urgent need tochannel development finance to least-developed countries andan increasing pressure on World Bank management to directlyaddress the issue of poverty in developing countries.Changing views, over time, have been a rationale -- and, attimes, a justification -- for emphasizing poverty and socialsectors; for providing grants to particular groups ofcountries; and for strategic choices and sectoralpriorities. IDA has been influential in development debatesand been an advocate for specific views about developmentpolicy. This paper gives an overview of these views anddocuments how they have shaped the activities of theorganization since its creation. After a brief review ofdevelopment thinking and of the organization of research atthe World Bank, the paper documents the shifts that havetaken place in country allocations and in sector emphasis inIDA over the past 50 years and highlights the strategicthemes that have guided its development agenda: towardincreasing country selectivity; from projects to programs;from conditionality to country ownership of reforms; andfrom input-based to results-based performance.