The goal of the Investment ClimateAssessment (ICA) of Uganda is to evaluate the investmentclimate in Uganda in all its operational dimensions and topromote policies to strengthen the private sector andencourage broad-based economic growth. Sustainedimprovements in living standards depend on broad-basedgrowth. Growth will only occur, however, if firms improvetheir productivity by investing in human and physicalcapital and by increasing their technological capacity. Butfirms will only do this when the investment climate isfavorable. Throughout the report, Uganda's investmentclimate is compared to the investment climates of threegroups of countries: 1) nearby countries in East Africa(Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda and Burundi); 2) middle-incomecountries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) that have successfullydiversified out of primary production into other sectors(Mauritius, South Africa and Swaziland); and 3) several fastgrowing countries in East Asia that have also successfullydiversified out of primary production into export-orientedmanufacturing (China, Malaysia, and Thailand). Finally,infrastructure appears to be a more serious problem formicroenterprises than for Small, Medium-sized or LargeEnterprise (SMLEs). Although the differences in the numberof outages and losses during transportation betweenregistered microenterprises, unregistered microenterprises,and SMLEs were small and statistically insignificant, accessdoes appear to be a more serious problem for microenterprises.