A Comparative Perspective on Poverty Reduction in Brazil, China and India

Ravallion, Martin

关键词: ABSOLUTE POVERTY;    AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS;    AGRICULTURAL GROWTH;    AGRICULTURAL LAND;    AGRICULTURAL SECTOR;   

DOI  :  10.1596/1813-9450-5080
RP-ID  :  WPS5080

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: World Bank Open Knowledge Repository

【 摘 要 】

Brazil, China and India have seenfalling poverty in their reform periods, but to varyingdegrees and for different reasons. History left China withfavorable initial conditions for rapid poverty reductionthrough market-led economic growth; at the outset of thereform process there were ample distortions to remove andrelatively low inequality in access to the opportunities socreated, though inequality has risen markedly since. Byconcentrating such opportunities in the hands of the betteroff, prior inequalities in various dimensions handicappedpoverty reduction in both Brazil and India. Brazil'srecent success in complementing market-oriented reforms withprogressive social policies has helped it achieve more rapidpoverty reduction than India, although Brazil has been lesssuccessful in terms of economic growth. In the wake of itssteep rise in inequality, China might learn fromBrazil's success with such policies. India needs to domore to assure that poor people are able to participate inboth the country's growth process and its socialpolicies; here there are lessons from both China and Brazil.All three countries have learned how important macroeconomicstability is to poverty reduction.