Openness Can Be Good for Growth : The Role of Policy Complementarities

Chang, Roberto ; Kaltani, Linda ; Loayza, Norman

World Bank, Washington, DC

关键词: AGGREGATE INCOME;    AVERAGE PROCESS;    AVERAGE RATE;    BLACK MARKET;    BLACK MARKET PREMIUM;   

DOI  :  10.1596/1813-9450-3763
RP-ID  :  WPS3763

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: World Bank Open Knowledge Repository

【 摘 要 】

The authors study how the effect of trade openness on economic growth depends on complementary reforms that help a country take advantage of international competition. This issue is illustrated with a simple Harris-Todaro model where output gains after trade liberalization depend on the degree of labor market flexibility. In that model, trade protection may ameliorate the problem of underemployment (and underproduction) in sectors affected by labor market distortions. Hence, trade liberalization unambiguously increases per capita income only when labor markets are sufficiently flexible. The authors then present some panel evidence on how the growth effect of openness depends on a variety of structural characteristics. For this purpose, they use a non-linear growth regression specification that interacts a proxy of trade openness with proxies of educational investment, financial depth, inflation stabilization, public infrastructure, governance, labor-market flexibility, ease of firm entry, and ease of firm exit. They find that the growth effects of openness are positive and economically significant if certain complementary reforms are undertaken.