Parliaments play a crucial role inimproving governance and public service delivery. Thosecountries with strong parliamentary oversight have been ableto shape policy directions and priorities. This articleexplores the growing role of parliaments in crafting povertyreduction strategy papers (PRSPs) since the process wasfirst launched in 1999. Although the parliaments of manydeveloping countries still have a long way to go before theywill maximize their ability to strengthen the outcomes fromcountry-level poverty reduction strategies (PRSs), the firstdecade of the poverty reduction strategy process hasproduced some important examples of the ways thatparliaments can get involved, shape the debate, and learnfrom the experiences of legislatures in other countries. Thecases of Tanzania and Malawi illustrate how parliamentarycommittees and parliaments can develop in terms of policyleverage and leadership.