Green Industrial Policies : When and How

Hallegatte, Stephane ; Fay, Marianne ; Vogt-Schilb, Adrien

World Bank, Washington, DC

关键词: ABATEMENT;    ABATEMENT COSTS;    ACCOUNTING;    ACID;    ACID RAIN;   

DOI  :  10.1596/1813-9450-6677
RP-ID  :  WPS6677

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: World Bank Open Knowledge Repository

【 摘 要 】

Green industrial policies can be definedas industrial policies with an environmental goal -- or moreprecisely, as sector-targeted policies that affect theeconomic production structure with the aim of generatingenvironmental benefits. This paper provides a framework toassess their desirability depending on the effectiveness andpolitical acceptability of price instruments. The mainmessages are the following. (i) Greening growth processes tothe extent and with the speed needed cannot be done withoutindustrial policies, even if prices can be adjusted toreflect environmental objectives. (ii) "Sunrise"green industrial policies are needed because they supportthe development of critical new technologies and sectors,bring down costs, and allow for reduced emissions in theshort term even in the absence of carbon pricing. (iii)"Sunset" green industrial policies and tradepolicies may be needed in conjunction with safety nets tomake carbon pricing politically or socially acceptable. Theycan help mitigate the impact of a carbon price oncompetitiveness and unemployment and smooth the transitionby helping industries adjust to the new conditions. (iv)Green or not, industrial policy requires carefullynavigating the twin dangers of market and governancefailure. The viability of supported technologies and sectorsis difficult to assess through a market-test given theirdependence on continued environmental policies or pricing --such as a carbon price. Particular attention must be paid toavoid potential unintended negative effects, such as reboundeffects (especially if prices are inappropriate),misallocation of capital, or capture and rent-seeking behaviors.