International Trade and Green Growth

Copeland, Brian R.

World Bank, Washington, DC

关键词: ABATEMENT;    ABATEMENT COST;    ABATEMENT COSTS;    ACID;    ACID RAIN;   

DOI  :  10.1596/1813-9450-6235
RP-ID  :  WPS6235

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: World Bank Open Knowledge Repository

【 摘 要 】

This paper reviews the challenges andopportunities raised by international trade for developingcountries considering a green growth strategy. A key concernis the effect of environmental policies on internationalcompetitiveness. For production-generated pollution, thereis evidence that stringent environmental policy reduces someindicators of competitiveness, but the effect is small inmost sectors. However, tightening up environmental standardsis unlikely to reduce international competitiveness whenpollution is generated by consumption. And where depletionof natural capital is a threat, effective environmentalpolicy is an important component of a policy aimed atdeveloping long-run international competitiveness. Theeffects of trade on environmental policy, the interactionbetween trade and technology transfer, and the interactionbetween trade and transboundary environmental problems arealso reviewed. An emerging issue is the potential use ofborder taxes to curtail carbon leakage. The paper discussessome of the possible responses by developing countries. Somework has indicated that export taxes or voluntary exportrestraints applied to carbon-intensive production innon-coalition countries may be preferable to a carbon tariffregime. The paper concludes by suggesting some topics forfurther research.