Greening Global Value Chains : Innovation and the International Diffusion of Technologiesand knowledge

Glachant, Matthieu ; Dussaux, Damien ; Mé ; niè ; re, Yann ; Dechezleprê ; tre, Antoine

World Bank, Washington, DC

关键词: ABATEMENT COSTS;    ACCESS TO INFORMATION;    ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY;    AIR;    AIR POLLUTION;   

DOI  :  10.1596/1813-9450-6467
RP-ID  :  WPS6467

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: World Bank Open Knowledge Repository

【 摘 要 】

Using novel data on patents, trade ofequipment goods, and foreign direct investments and insightsfrom the economic literature, the paper seeks to lay out thestate of knowledge on the role of innovation and thediffusion of technologies in the greening of global valuechains as well as some of the main policy issues. A specialemphasis is put on developing countries -- distinguishingemerging economies and least-developed countries -- and onclimate-mitigation technologies. Emerging economies arealready reasonably well integrated in the global economy. Asa consequence, technologies flow in through the imports ofcapital goods and local investments by multinationalenterprises owning technologies. Pushing further technologytransfer requires strengthening intellectual propertyrights, lowering barriers to trade and investments andimproving technological absorptive capacities. In contrast,their role in innovation is limited. Standard tools ofinnovation policy - public research and development, publicsupport to private research and development, better accessto finance - should develop. But studies also suggest thatgovernments should introduce more stringent environmentalpolicies with proper enforcement at home to go beyond theadoption of foreign technologies. The situation ofleast-developed countries is very different: they do notimport green technologies and low barriers to trade andforeign direct investment or strict intellectual propertyrights are unlikely to trigger technology transfer. In thesecountries, the focus should be on building technological capacities.