This study argues the need for a policyenvironment supporting both urban informal sector dynamismand rapid transition from subsistence to monetization inagriculture. Such policies must include measuresfacilitating access to financial services for households,which are the backbone of the informal and subsistenceeconomies. The economy of Timor-Leste is divided between afarm sector in which as many of 80 percent of workersremain, with most of these still dependent on subsistenceproduction, and a non-farm sector in which micro- and smallenterprises are an overwhelming majority. Most urbanenterprises operate in an informal environment, while inboth the farm and non-farm sectors the household is thebasic unit of economic activity.