In 2009, the ParaguayanGovernment's Ministry of Health and the World Bankagreed to conduct technical cooperation work, which includedtwo specific studies and an analysis of the public healthsector, with a view to identifying medium- and long-termhealth sector policy formulation options. The specificstudies were on: (i) the national pharmaceutical sector, and(ii) the social determinants of health. This study,facilitated technical exchanges and policy dialogue with theauthorities throughout the process, which included theorganization of workshops and the submission to the Ministryof Public Health and Social Welfare in December 2010 of twotechnical documents, one of which focused on the socialdeterminants of health and the other, on drug policy, whichare included in the annexes to this report; as well as tobring technical assessment to the Ministry of Public Healthand Social Welfare about health services integratednetworks. This report analyzes the available evidence onchanges and trends in the state of health of the Paraguayanpopulation through 2010 to 2011, taking into account thepolicy guidelines and institutional changes introducedduring the final period of the government's term andthe trends in a number of social determinants of health.This report will contribute to the development of a medium-and long-term strategy, with the ultimate aim of improvinghealth outcomes, and will serve as a tool that providesinformation and recommendations that can also create newopportunities for collaboration in the area of sectoraldialogue in the country. This report discusses the followingpoints: recent trends in the population health situation;policy guidelines since 2008; proposals: medium andlong-term policy focal areas; health care system; and publichealth policies.