At the end of 2005, the recentlyappointed reformist government led by Prime Minister AhmedNazif started to engage in drastic reforms of the businessenvironment. Building on the momentum created by asuccessful tax reform, the government, through the GeneralAuthority for Free Zones and Investment (GAFI), took a veryactive role in the establishment of one-stop-shopfacilities. But despite some visible progress, GAFI wasstill baffled by the difficulty of re-engineeringadministrative processes and achieving an effectivedelegation of authority from central line ministries totheir local authorities. One obvious constraint faced byGAFI in Alexandria was the limited knowledge andunderstanding of the reform process by Egypt's civilservants. Equally, GAFI suffered from a lack of effectiverecognition and support from the private sector for thegovernment's genuine commitment to turn Egypt into amore transparent and predictable place for start-up investors.