Exporting deciduous fruit from theWestern Cape Province of South Africa to markets in Europe,North America and Asia contributes significantly to theprovince's Gross Domestic Product. The main exportproducers are large-scale farmers. Even with the change indiscriminatory legislation and practices in South Africaafter 1994, few smallholder farmers have penetrated thismarket.The few smallholders who manage to export theirfruit do so through collective or individual arrangementswith large-scale commercial operations. One such farmer isAubrey Billet from Haarlem. He started exporting apples inthe 1970s. Over the decades, he developed his own knowledgeand innovations in both fruit production and socio-economicarrangements and was able to continue exporting most of hisannual apple crop. This article discusses the lessonslearned from this farmer's grafting experiments.