Explosive growth in demand for passengerand freight transport in the South Asia region, driven byhigh economic growth, has put the spotlight squarely onensuring enhanced delivery of infrastructure and services.The objective of the study is to help governments and policymakers in identifying reforms that are required to modernizeand strengthen the capacity and performance of their roadagencies to deliver large investment programs throughperformance monitoring as a tool. A review of the highwayagencies in the region has been undertaken to suggest: a)indicators to assess their capacities and performance; andb) a roadmap to improve performance in key functional areasof the agencies. The scope of study included a review of asample of highway agencies from Bangladesh, India, Nepal,Pakistan and Sri Lanka. This sample included national andprovincial level highway agencies as well as roadcorporations. In India, the focus was on the state-levelhighway agencies. This study also incorporates findings fromearlier studies commissioned by the World Bank.